Evaluation on Companies’ Social Accounting - 2613 Words

Evaluation on companies’ social accounting Executive summary This report explains the concept of â€Å"social accounting† and analyzes the execution of social accounting in the two companies Corning incorporated and AM-PM Glass Company. The analysis is based on the â€Å"good† principles of social accounting and the accordance to the global standards. And the analysis shows that Corning’s sustainability has a better understanding and consideration about the requirement of social accounting and it makes its own evaluation system based on ISO 14001, and build up a series of standards, but the standards of EMS can not match with GRI on the completeness and concreteness. AM-PM begins well in the practicing of social accounting. But it is not that†¦show more content†¦On the positive aspect, social accounting can help individual companies identify and utilize opportunities for cost effectiveness, introduction of profitable eco-friendly products and services, energy saving and environmental protection (Defourny and Thor becke, 1984). Also, both current and future concerns of stakeholders forewarn companies about any possible area of conflict. Yanovsky (2006) further claimed that companies become aware of the probable risk factors that are capable of affecting their business operations, which afford the chance for companies to prepare the coping mechanism. 2.3 Principles of â€Å"Good† and global standards â€Å"Good† accounts must accord a series of principles. In general, good principles of social accounting have to be inclusive, involving dialogue with stakeholders; to be complete, highlighting the key areas of the individual company’s activities; to be embedded within the organization; to be comparable, undergo external verification, and give room for continuous improvements. These principles should take both companies own management practices and the performance measurements comparison with other companies into consideration (Montgomery and Porter, 1991). Such principles have to be incorporated within theShow MoreRelatedWhy The Training Program Is Effective Essay873 Words   |  4 Pagesas accounting clerks need to deal with different ethical dilemmas in the future. For example, supervisors may want accounting clerks to input incorrect financial data so that a company’s financial statements are attractive to investors. 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The increase of growth nowRead MoreFinancial and Operating Lease Transactions as Tools in Financial Risk Assessment1053 Words   |  5 Pagesthe past few decades, lease accounting issue is widely discussed among different kind of enterprises. Nowadays, most investors and creditors in order to make an appropriate decision for their investment, or borrowing money to a company usually rely on the evaluation of a firm’s statement of financial position. However, in recent years, some irregularities within lease accounting have become a critical issue when evaluating the statement of financial position of a company, especially those with a largeRead MoreThe Resource Based View Of A Company Essay943 Wor ds   |  4 PagesThe resource-based view of a company focuses on the internal resources and capabilities of the company and includes the tangible and intangible assets that it controls (Barney Hesterly 2015, p.64). Strategic evaluation is essential in guiding a company on its mission and is a continuing process of planning, review and control involving the appraisal of the company plan and the actual results (Rumelt 1998, p55, p.63). There are four broad criteria to test the company’s strategies potential flawsRead MoreThe Modern Corporations Must Be Characterized As A Nexus Of Contracts ( Jensen And Meckling, 1976 ) Essay1703 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the agent to â€Å"game the system† (Prendergast 1999). Groen-Xu (2013) indicates that the role of contract is precisely a formalization of the evaluation period, especially the final year of contract, where more weights are put on evaluating the performance. Thus, managers have strong incentives to engage in strategic behavior to influence the evaluation process during the contract expiration, when their performance is being assessed and their contracts are being renegotiated. 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The development of accounting and information technology has given an impact to the accounting objectives, accounting assumptions and accounting informationRead MoreImportant Metrics Of Business Performance Management Essay847 Words   |  4 Pagesmanagement are financial, customer, internal, strategic, and compliance. These metrics can be seen as the key factors that operations managers focus on while working to ensure the successful performance of any company. I will discuss each of these metrics below. â€Å"Key metrics in the evaluation of management are financial performance numbers. These include sales, profits and costs† (Markgraf, B., n.d.). For an operations manager, a good metric to evaluate would be year-over-year sales because it wouldRead Morewhy managerial accounting is important Essay840 Words   |  4 Pagesexplains why managerial accounting is important to the future careers of all business students. It answers three questions: (1) What is managerial accounting? (2) Why does managerial accounting matter to your career? and (3) What skills do managers need to succeed? It also discusses the importance of ethics in business and corporate social responsibility.    I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is managerial accounting? A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Examine the difference between Financial and managerial accounting †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Financial

The Cost of Aging Prison Inmates Essay - 1495 Words

The issue with aging prison members is that our legal system spends a majority of the money on our older inmates than our younger members. The three-strike rule in the United States is a big factor on why we have such a high rate with older inmates in our prisons. We imprison older members for life after they have committed more than three felonies regardless of the crime. That leads to our legal system being stuck with a lot of aging inmates. Our legal system has to pay more money in order to accommodate our older inmates because they require more medical needs. The Criminal justice system is spending a significant amount of money on our elderly sick inmates even though they are unable to commit any more crimes, leading to more problems†¦show more content†¦Mental illnesses are extremely pricy and dangerous. The staff has to be extra cautions with mentally disabled prisoners because they are more dangerous. The prison system does not have enough money to be able to maintain high-risk prisoners. â€Å"The average cost of keeping an older inmate incarcerated is about $69,000 a year†(Regan) it’s an outrageous amount of money. A Tennessee State prison gave Dr. Regan, Alderson, and Dr. William Regan gave data on older inmates who had mental illnesses. The study focused on the population and their mental disorder and the crime committed. 671 prisoners where tested in the study and 109 people where diagnosed with a mental illness: Out of the 109 people with a mental disorder only 13% where women and 87% where men. The most common crime for both genders with a mental disorder was murder. Women who committed murder suffered from depression illness. Men who committed crime in their older age committed sex crimes and where diagnosed with dementia. Our prisons are not equipped to be able to handle mentally disable prisoners. Mentally disorder people need to be in a mental house that can help them. It is not right to incarcerate someone who is sick . A great study conducted by Dr. Williams consisted of gathering workers in the prisons who worked with elderly inmates: 29 experts where chosen of which 19 were men and 10 were women. The goal and purpose of the study was to find a possible solution to helpShow MoreRelatedSolving The Problem Of An Aging Prison Population1250 Words   |  5 Pagesof an Aging Prison Population Joshua N. Handy American Military University Abstract The American correctional system is facing many emerging issues. One of these issues is the exponential increase in aging offenders. In the past few decades, the number of geriatric offenders incarcerated has multiplied at an increasing rate. 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This places the United States at number one in the world for its incarceration rate. The US has 5% of the worlds population but 245% of the worlds prisoners. In addition to this there are 4.8 million adults on probation of parole and 70,792 juveniles in juvenile detention. In 2008 the breakdown for adults underRead MoreReform, Means Improvement : Prison Reform Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesReform, means improvement. Prison reform , means the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons, establishing a more effective penal system, or implement alternatives to incarceration. The penal system is part of the larger criminal justice system. Prison reformation, is not just about the justice system or the criminal justice system. 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Purchasing Management Of Apple Inc Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Purchasing Management Of Apple Inc. Answer: Introduction As a manager in the purchasing management department, one of my roles is to ensure that all the inventories, goods and supplies that are needed in the process of operating business are ordered as required and maintained in stock. A purchasing manager is bestowed with the responsibility of taking control of the costs of all the goods that order, control over the levels of inventory and also ensuring a good relationship with the suppliers (Davies, 2013). This paper intends to analyze the effectiveness of the supplier selection criteria and the related issues, the purchasing costs and also ICT for purchasing operations and management. Apple Inc. refers to a multinational technology Company that is situated in America with its headquarters in Cupertino, California. This company is involved in the designing, development and the sale of computer software, consumer electronics, and other online services. Some of the hardware products that are offered by the company include; Mac personal computer, iPhone smartphone, iPad, iPod, Apple watch, Apple TV digital player and smart speaker referred to as HomePod. Some of the consumer software products that the company offers include; iTunes media player, Safari web browser, macOS and iOS and iLife and iWork which are creativity and productivity suites (Grady, 2009). The main competitors of Apple Company are Samsung, Google, and Microsoft. To reach its market, the company has a wide range of suppliers who employ millions of people to ensure ease in accessibility of their products globally. The main organizational goals of Apple Inc. are leveraging its ability to design and deve lop, take responsibility in environmental protection, enhancement and expansion and lastly offering support to the community. To achieve these goals, one of the strategies that the company has undertaken is being involved in community activities and the creation of employment. The other strategy is encouraging innovation and eliminating any of the toxic products in their production process. The third strategy that the company has adopted is offering superior innovation as well as integration so that it can be in a position to design and also develop new and unique products. Suppliers selection criteria and issues The three purchasing goals and needs of the Apple Company include; cost leadership, growth and the creation of a sustainable advantage. For the cost leadership to be achieved in the organization, the procurement process must be rigorous across the value chain. The creation of growth as the second goal of the company can be achieved by the strategy of marketing embraced so that it can be easy to drive products differentiation, ensure a faster and a better innovation in products and also market entry. There is thus a need for the company to work hand in hand with the suppliers through collaboration so that they can offer ideas for the creation of new and improved products as well as services. The other need of the company is to have a clear understanding of the procurement portfolios so that the company can be in a position attain a sustainable advantage. The company needs to design unique strategies so that it can be in a position to compete effectively in the market due to its compet itive advantages (Kahraman, O?ztays?i, 2014). To choose the right supplier requires more than scanning the price lists. The choice of the best supplier depends on factors such as reliability, money, service, and quality. A strategic approach should thus be adopted while choosing the suppliers. The first step in the criteria that I would recommend for selecting suppliers is thinking strategically in the process of selecting the suppliers denotes that the best suppliers are those who provide products that meet or even exceeds the need of the organization. Thus, Apple should make sure that the supplier selected meets the organizational needs. The next step that I would recommend is the determination of what an organization is looking for in a supplier. Apple should ensure that it chooses suppliers who are reliable, delivers consistently quality products, have clear communication and a strong service, have financial security, those who are ready for a partnership approach and also the company should take into account the value for money (Kotzab, Pannek, Thoben, 2015). The third step is the identification of the potential suppliers. This can be achieved through the use of some sources such as recommendations, trade associations, exhibitions, directories, trade press and business advisors. The fourth step in the selection of the suppliers is shortlisting the suppliers. This is done after getting a clear picture of the kind of a supplier that an organization wants to have. In this, the procurement manager should consider factors such as whether the suppliers can deliver, the financial security of the supplier, the time they have been in operation or whether they are in any other approved list of suppliers. The other step in the criteria for selecting the suppliers is choosing a supplier. After shortlisting the potential suppliers, the organization should consider approaching them and asking them for a written quotation and a sample. This is very imperative in that it assists the organization to get a clear picture of that which it needs, how often they will need it n and the level of the business that they need to place it (Monczka, Handfield, Giunipero, Giunipero, 2015). They should thus get the quotation and do a comparison of the quotation for all the potential suppliers regarding the factors that matter most to the organization. Even though the price is an important factor, it should not be the only one to consider since lower prices may not be cost effective in the future if they reflect poor quality. The last step is getting the right supplier, and in this, the business should know its needs, carry out research, check around and also credit check the suppliers so that it can cho ose the best and agree on all the levels of service before starting. ICT for purchasing operations Due to the technological advancements, there has been a widespread use of the Information Communication Technology in businesses. Apple as a company aims at streamlining its purchasing operations so that it can save on time and resources and also improve its effectiveness in the delivery of services and products to their customers (Shah, Gorty, Phirke, 2011). Its at times difficult to keep up with the changes in the market due to the trending social network sites and also other programs that have an open source in the market. ICT can be used to greatly aid in the streamlining of the process of purchasing, increase the information available to the company and also gain access to the data required. One of how ICT can be applied to improve the purchasing operations is through the use of the emails for communication. In this, the Apple Company can make use of the email to communicate with the suppliers. This can greatly assist in the improvement of the purchasing operations since the company can be in a position to easily get in touch with the suppliers and communicate with them in case they have an urgent issue that needs to be addressed. Through the ICT, the business can have an opportunity to either express its gratitude or disappointment following the products delivered by the suppliers. This thus aids in improving the purchasing operations since the business partners can communicate effectively. Emails are considered to be ideal for the communication in that it is possible to send attachments such as pictures and files. In case of communication of any purchases related information, email can thus be used in the transmission and receiving of the digital information (Moser, 20 06). The second recommendation on the ICT that should be applied to improve the purchasing operations is video conferencing. This is very imperative in improving the purchasing operations in that it allows the two parties involved communicating on their computers and they can easily discuss the matters regarding the purchasing of products. Through video conferencing, the individuals involved can have a face to face meeting irrespective of their different location, and this is considered to be a very effective tool especially in the case where the one party want to demonstrate something about the products being purchased (Ariwa, Qawasmeh, 2011). The third recommendation on the ICT that should be used to improve the purchasing operations is that instant messaging. This is usually done through the instant-messaging applications or the websites, and it can be used in the improvement of the purchasing operations in that it contributes to the achievement of success during negotiations. Instant messaging is very effective for longer discussions as compared to the texting. It can be used when people are in different locations and can lead to the achievement of the desired lucrative deals in the business. Unlike the face to face modes of communication, it is effective in that individuals can get a chance to take time to first think about an issue before responding for in the face to face communication, its hard for people to take pause so that they can first gather their thoughts before giving a response (Trajkovik, 2011). Purchasing cost analysis When an organization is purchasing any goods or services, theres a need for a cost analysis to be carried out. One of the tools that I can recommend to be considered for analyzing the purchasing costs is the comparison of the competitive bids. This is considered to be the best way of carrying out a purchase cost analysis because asking the potential suppliers of their prices for the same product helps in the determination of the most reasonable price. This method cannot, however, be assumed as the total cost analysis because the lowest bidder may not at times offer substandard goods which would make the company incur huge costs and thus there is a need for the total cost acquisition to be analyzed well and a quote given on the reason for choosing a certain quotation. The total cost acquisition should take into account the real costs such as the cost that would be incurred if the lower cost product is chosen to ensure that it performs to meet the required standards among others (Poole r, Pooler, 1997). The other tool that I can recommend for purchase cost analysis is the comparison of the prior quotations. In some cases, it is important to compare the quotations made within the last two years for the same product because it greatly assists in the determination of the viability of the currently made quotation. This is important especially when a supplier is urgently needed. This is considered to be convenient because solicitation of all the competitive quotes that are available is likely to be time-consuming and thus comparison with the quotations made in the last 24 months can greatly aid in saving time and hence avoiding the delay of the procurement process. The other recommendation that I can offer for use in carrying out the purchase cost analysis is the comparison of the published list of the prices. This method of analyzing the cost of the purchases should only be employed if the materials are adequately similar to the products or the services that are publicly available and those which prices are likely to appear in a published list. When making a comparison of the prices indicated in the lists, its important to take into account the standard discounts that are offered in the industry for the respective items. The other recommendation that I can offer when carrying out a purchase cost analysis is looking into the prices that have been set by the law. The prices of some of the products used in the various industries are usually set by the law, and in the case of such items, Apple should reference the given pricing structure at the time of procurement (Weele, 2005). Similar item comparison can also be used in the carrying out of a pur chase cost analysis. In the case where the item that is being purchased is fairly unique, a comparison of the items that are similar what being purchased should be made. Statements on the reasons why the items that are common cannot meet the set specifications should also be issued so that they can reflect the cost comparison in the analysis. Conclusion To sum it up all, it is clear that the procurement manager should ensure control of the cost of the goods purchased, the level of the inventory and also provide that the organization has a good relationship with the suppliers. The goals of Apple Company are to achieve growth, create a sustainable advantage and also achieve cost leadership. The company should thus ensure that it selects the right suppliers. To achieve, it should take into consideration some important factors such as reliability, money, service, and quality. The company should ensure that it does not focus on the cost of procurement only because; cost alone cannot be used in the determination of the most effective supplier. This is because the lowest bidder may offer low-quality goods and products which are likely to add a burden to the company in the long run. To achieve improvements in the procurement operations, the company should consider the various methods of ICT for communication such as emails, instant messages and video conferencing among others. These methods are very effective in that they allow for the communication between the parties involved and thus a corrective action can thus be taken in case there is a problem. Lastly, when Apple should ensure that it performs a purchase cost analysis before making any purchases. The tool chosen should be suitable to meet the current needs of the organization effectively. References Ariwa, E. Qawasmeh, E. (2011). Digital enterprise and information systems : International Conference, DEIS 2011, London, UK, July 20-22, 2011, proceedings. Berlin New York: Springer. Davies, P. (2013). Business information systems. Houndmills, Basingstoke New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Grady, J. (2009). Apple Inc. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. Johnsen, T., Howard, M. Miemczyk, J. (2014). Purchasing and supply chain management : a sustainability perspective. New York: Routledge. Kahraman, C. O?ztays?i, B. (2014). Supply chain management under fuzziness : recent developments and techniques. Heidelberg: Springer. Kotzab, H., Pannek, J. Thoben. (2015). Dynamics in logistics : proceedings of the 4th International Conference LDIC 2014, Bremen, Germany. Cham: Springer. Monczka, R., Handfield, R., Giunipero, L. Giunipero, L. (2015). Purchasing and Supply Chain Management. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Moser, R. (2006). Strategic purchasing and supply management : a strategy-based selection of suppliers. Wiesbaden: Dt. Univ.-Verl. Pooler, V. Pooler, D. (1997). Purchasing and Supply Management : Creating the Vision. Boston, MA: Springer US. Shah, K., Gorty, V. Phirke, A. (2011). Technology systems and management : first International Conference, ICTSM 2011, Mumbai, India, February 25-27, 2011. Selected papers. Heidelberg New York: Springer. Trajkovik, V. (2011). ICT for local governments : standards, principles and best practices. Skopje: NALAS. Weele. (2005). Purchasing supply chain management : analysis, strategy, planning and practice. London: Thomson Learning.

Mysteries Of The World Essays - British Films,

Mysteries of the World Mystery and the study of the unknown has always fascinated people. The search for truth in the "uncomprehensible" has led to many controversies. Some believe in the "supernatural", while others simply do not. Both types of people obviously have their own reasonings for believing or disbelieving in it. There are numerous world famous mysteries that are still controversial and remain "unsolved" to this day. Some of these mysteries include the Loch Ness Monster, the Abominable Snowman, and the Bermuda Triangle. The Loch Ness Monster is a legendary animal that supposedly resides in the depths of Loch Ness, a long narrow lake situated in rural Scotland. Stories concerning the monster date back to the 6th century A.D. The region was in complete isolation until a road was built alongside the lake in 1933. Then large numbers of people travelled through the region for the very first time. Over the years thousands have reported seeing something in the lake. Most reports depict a long neck surging from the water with a small head of a unknown creature. Pictures have even been taken of this "creature", but most scientists however, refuse to believe any creature of this kind lives in the Loch Ness. They claim that most reported cases are simply products of overactive imaginations, and as for the pictures, scientists say they are not lucid enough to distinguish items clearly, and some pictures are dubbed as "fake". A large number of non- scientists believe however, that the Loch Ness is the site of a breeding colony of large unknown aquatic animals, due to the fact that Loch Ness was once an arm of the sea. Yearly summer investigations have been conducted since 1963 in attempt to unravel the mystery. Investigators have obtained films and sonar readings that indicate that there just might be some unknown animal in the depths of the Loch Ness. Evidence however, is inconclusive, and the controversy continues. Along with the Loch Ness monster, the abominable snowman shares fame as one the great mysteries of the world. The abominable snowman is a legendary creature of the Himalaya mountain region. It is reported to live in forested regions near the snow line. This creature is also known to some by the name Yeti. The abominable snowman is said to walk upright and have the appearance of half-man, half-ape. Many of the descriptions given to this creature are based upon the findings of large, unidentified foot prints in the snow, found in the Himalayas. In order to ascertain the truth behind the abominable snowman legends, countless expeditions have been undertaken, and most turned up empty. Today most experts hold the view that the "abominable snowman" is simply a "fairy tale" and don't take the matter seriously. The foot prints used to support the legends, are thought by scientists, to be prints of a bear or markings left my drifting snow and falling rocks. The legend of the abominable snowman has been kept alive 'till this day, mostly by the Sherpa, a tribe of people living in the Himalayas. These people have always kept the belief that the abominable snowman is a true fact of life. To them he is seen as a religious figure, to be feared as well as protected. Without any concise evidence however, no one can prove this legendary animal from the mountains exists, so the mystery continues to baffle. Like the Loch Ness monster and the abominable snowman, the Bermuda triangle presents another intriguing wonder to the world. The Bermuda Triangle, also known as the Devil's triangle, is a triangular area of the Atlantic Ocean (305,000 km2) where the disappearances of ships, airplanes, and boats has led to the belief that "supernatural" forces inhabit this area of the sea. More than 200 planes, ships, and boats are believed to have disappeared in this triangle without a trace. This includes over 1,000 seamen and airmen. In most of these disappearances, it is the fact that no distress signal was ever received from the disappearing ships and/or planes that heightens the mystery of what happened to them. Although violent storms and downward air currents frequently occur in the area, scientists have not revealed anything extremely peculiar. Boundaries of the

Johnny Tremain Movie free essay sample

These characters gave this film variety and creativity which made me learn more about the real events. Paul Revere was a master silversmith and one of the leaders of the Revolutionary forces in Boston. In this film, he played an important role as one Of the leaders Of the Sons Of Liberty. He is also the one who Johnny goes to for help on the design of the handle on Jonathan Lets tea cup, who tells him to make the handle deeper and larger. Paul Revere is most famous for alerting the Colonial militia to the approach of British forces before the tattles of Lexington and Concord.The Sons of Liberty were another important part in this film. The Sons of bribery was an organization of American patriots that originated in the pre- independence North American British colonies. The group was formed to protect the rights of the colonists. They are best known for undertaking the Boston Tea Party in 1 773 in reaction to the Tea Act, which led to the Intolerable Acts. We will write a custom essay sample on Johnny Tremain Movie or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Samuel Adams and Paul Revere, Joseph Warren, and James Otis were some notable members. The Boston Tea was a key event in the growth of the American Revolution.It was a nonviolent political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, in 1773. The colonists disguised as Indians, destroyed the entire supply of tea by dumping the chests of tea into Boston Harbor, ruining the tea. Johnny and his friend, Rah, partook in this event. Johnny Terrain is the fourteen-year-old apprentice of the Boston silver- smith Ephraim Alphas. When Johnnys hand is disfigured in an accident that happened trying to fix the handle on Mr.. Lets cup, he can no longer work as a silversmith, and hes forced to find another job.Johnny finds a new life among the leaders of the committee and finds himself transformed from a selfish youth into a patriotic young man. Although he is a fictional character, he is the main protagonist in this film and an important role in the movie. Priscilla Alphas is Ephraim Alphas granddaughter. She is loyal, selfless, caring and one of Johnnys closest friends. In the beginning of the film, Johnny confides a secret with her, saying that he is secretly related to Mr.. Late. When they are in court, she is brought in as a witness tachyon did to steal Mr.. Lets christening cup.She helped Johnny and gave him advice that helped him become a better man. Ephraim Alphas was Johnnys master. He was a Boston silversmith and a sincere man. Mr.. Alphas attempts to teach Johnny humility by referring to the bible, praying, following the Sabbath (which Johnny disobeys. ) He was very kind to Johnny and offered him a place to stay even though he could no longer work for him because of his hand. All of these events and characters played an important role in this film and eloped me get a more in depth understanding of the American Revolution from different perspectives.Johnny Terrain is a work of historical fiction, combining real people and events like Paul Revere, Sons of Liberty, and the Boston Tea Party, and fictional ones like Jonathan Terrain, Priscilla Alphas, and Ephraim Alphas. I feel that this film gave me a lot more information in a way that I could interpret it. The fictional characters helped shape the historical events that occurred and led up to the American Revolution and the real events helped shape how America became today.

Child Soldiers in the Republic of Congo

Child Soldiers in the Republic of Congo The deadly conflicts experienced by the Democratic Republic of Congo at the end of the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty-first centuries caused numerous negative consequences resulting in the severe social crisis in the country. The Second Congo War that started in 1998 has become one of the most dreadful armed conflicts of the second half of the twentieth century (McMullen, O’Callaghan, Shannon, Black, Eakin, 2013).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Child Soldiers in the Republic of Congo specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Recruitment of child soldiers is one of the practices often used by official and nonofficial armed forces in the country. Such practice presents a serious threat to the life and psychological health of children as the experience gained in the army leaves irreversible changes in their social attitudes and psyche. Finding an effective solution to the problem of child soldiers in Congo is necessary for ensuring the healthy environment for the population of the country. Though numerous actions were taken to demobilize the child soldiers after the official end of the war, a certain number of children is still recruited by military groups. The process of demobilization of child soldiers is complicated by the fact that many children do not find support in the society and do not consider themselves a part of it. Investigating the social and ethnic background of former child soldiers can contribute to the success of prevention of future recruitment. The aim of this paper is to answer the questions related to the social and ethnic identity of demobilized child soldiers. The research is aimed at checking if the hypothesis that most soldiers come from the same social and ethnic group is true to life. Confirming or refuting the hypothesis are of vital importance, as the identification of a certain group of children most vulnerable to being recruited by the army will help t o prevent further recruitment by encouraging proper institutions to focus on providing appropriate preventive activities for this group. The Overview of the Research Design As the purpose of the study is to answer the questions about the background of the child soldiers in Congo, descriptive research design seems to be the most appropriate one. A good description is â€Å"fundamental to the research enterprise† as it contributes to the knowledge of the nature of the society (What is research design?, n.d., p. 1). The specifics of descriptive research fit the purpose of the study, as such research helps to obtain the information that is crucial for devising hypotheses and proposing associations (Monsen Van Horn, 2008). As description â€Å"paves the way to prediction†, the chosen research design will help to predict the association between the social and ethnic background of children and their inclination to participate in the Army (Mitchell Jolley, 2013, p. 272).Adve rtising Looking for proposal on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Quantitative research, as a type of descriptive studies, appears to be suitable for the study, as it will help to collect data about the issues discussed above and organize it into valuable descriptive statistics (Monsen Van Horn, 2008, p. 5). The choice of data collection and analysis methods should correspond to the chosen research design. The Data Collection Methods Gathering data about the social and ethnic background of former child soldiers in Congo can be done by using survey methods. As the researcher is learning French, which is the first language in Congo, it will be relatively easy to use such method of data collection as focus group interviews. Focus groups will include family members of demobilized child soldiers and the members of civil society. Each of the group will consist of 5-9 people (Kwok-to Choi Chan, 2013). Suc h survey data collection technique as constructing necessary questionnaire will be used to create an appropriate basis for the interviews. Each group will be requested to answer a certain number of questions during an-hour-long sessions. The participants will be asked to share their views on the discussed issue, and the appropriate records will be made. Monitoring of narratives of demobilized children in Congo will also be used as an additional method of obtaining data for the study. The narratives will be selected based on careful analysis to identify certain features related to social and ethnic background common among child soldiers. Analysis Methods The collected data will be analyzed by reviewing the answers of the participants and identifying if they reflect common social and ethnic patterns typical of child soldiers in Congo. The detailed statistical analysis of obtained information will be conducted to demonstrate if certain social and ethnic groups prevail among former chil d soldiers. Descriptive statistics analysis will suit the purpose of the study and help the researcher to find the association between the investigated factors and the willingness to participate in the army. Descriptive statistics will help to describe the basic features of the data obtained during the study and provide summaries about the sample (Trochim, 2006). Such statistics will enable the researcher to describe what the data shows. Two variables, social background and ethnic origin of former child soldiers, will be analyzed. As it is rather difficult to calculate the statistics when there two or more variables, appropriate statistics program should be used. The data will be put to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program to get the appropriate table of results.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Child Soldiers in the Republic of Congo specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A Sampling Scheme A rando m sample will be used to ensure that the results can predict the features common to the whole population. A sample frame will be defined to determine a complete list of the population from which the sample should be selected. The creation of sample frame database will enable the researcher to conduct random number selection. The necessary information about the families of former child soldiers will be attained from appropriate institutions, and ten families from different parts of the country will be chosen based on the method of probability sampling. Ten groups of the members of civil society living in various regions of the country will also be chosen randomly. Such method of sampling will help to prevent inaccuracy and ensure that the identified patterns refer to all child soldiers. The written narratives for analysis will also be selected randomly from the database of appropriate institutions located in different regions of Congo. The total number of chosen narratives will be tw enty. The assessment of the selected sample will be conducted to eliminate the risk of missing certain groups of population and getting subjective results. Sample validation will be carried out to ensure that the selected participants truly represent the whole population. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Research Design The main strengths of the research design include its suitability to the purpose of the study. The chosen research design enables the researcher to answer the initial research questions and check the hypothesis. Besides, such research design enables the researcher to ensure that the data obtained during it is objective, and the results can be applied to the whole population. The objectivity of the results is of vital importance, as it lets the researcher make well-grounded claims and encourage further research based on already gained relevant information on the issue. Usage of group based interviews will help to monitor a big number of the people living in Congo in a relatively short period. On the other side, the absence of individualistic approach in group interviews can be defined as a weakness of the research design. However, careful and friendly communication with the individuals included in the groups will help to eliminate the risks related to lack of individualistic features of the survey.Advertising Looking for proposal on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Descriptive statistics analysis will help to analyze the collected data and draw certain conclusions. The researcher will be able to find the correlation between certain social and ethnic groups and the level of children’s participation in military groups. The usage of SPSS software will help to prevent any possibility of making mistakes while calculating the statistics. Usage of random sampling gives numerous benefits to the research, as it helps to ensure that the results are appropriate for being considered typical for the whole population of Congo. Though such sampling requires more time and effort, careful communication with appropriate institutions will help to overcome these challenges. The chosen research design has numerous benefits and will enable the researcher to answer vital questions about the nature of the phenomenon of child soldiers in Congo. The gained results will help other specialists to suggest the appropriate strategy for combating children’s inv olvement in military organizations in Congo. References Kwok-to Choi, M., Chan, K. (2013). Online dating as a strategic game: Why and how men in Hong Kong use QQ to chase women in mainland China. Berlin: Springer Heidelberg. McMullen, J., O’Callaghan, P., Shannon, C., Black, A., Eakin, J. (2013). Group trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy with former child soldiers and other war-affected boys in the DR Congo: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(11), 1231-1241. Mitchell, M., Jolley, J. (2013). Research design: Explained (8th ed.). Belmont, California: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Monsen, E., Van Horn, L. (2008). Research: Successful approaches (3rd ed.). New York: American Dietetic Association. Trochim, W. (2006). Descriptive Statistics. Retrieved from socialresearchmethods.net/kb/statdesc.php What is a research design? (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.nyu.edu/classes/bkg/methods/005847ch1.pdf

The effects of the 2008 financial crisis on the investment in the Gulf Research Paper

The effects of the 2008 financial crisis on the investment in the Gulf area specially on Qatar - Research Paper Example In this case, the decline in oil prices severely affected the foreign exchange earnings and led to low foreign investment capital inflows in Qatar economy. Qatar and other countries in the gulf area had accumulated vast cash reserves after the oil prices recorded a high of USD 148 per barrel in July 2008 due to a weak US dollars and geopolitical tensions that led to oil speculations (Casa, 2009). However, the last five months of 2008 saw decline in equity market activity and oil demand thus leading to 75 percent loss on the OPEC Reference Basket from USD 148 per barrel to USD 37.72 per barrel before the end of the year (Distr, 2009). Thesis statement: the 2008 financial crisis negatively affected investments in Qatar through tightening of credit, decline in global oil demand and subsequent slowdown of the real estate and stock markets in the economy. Credit crunch Despite the high liquidity level of the main financial institutions in Qatar and decline in interest rates before the ons et of the 2008 financial crisis, the availability of credit for investment purposes declined during the financial crisis due to high-risk aversion by the banks (Casa, 2009). ... The financial crisis triggered steep fall in asset prices and widened the credit default swap (CDS) spreads on sovereign debt. In this case, the Qatar government debt remained elevated thus reflecting the high-leveraged government entities. Fall in stock market prices According to Monetary Fund (AMF), of 2008 financial crisis led to a drastic fall in stock investments by half in the first year and further by additional 25% in the subsequent quarter. The loss in Arab stock market translated to significant decline in the level of investor confidence and decline in the overall investment activities in the economy (Distr, 2009). The Doha Securities market experienced a decline in the level of trading activities and the market’s main index declined by 28 percent to 6886 points. The gulf region countries recorded significant escalation in construction properties before the crisis, but the crisis led to slowdown of construction boom due to tight credit conditions in the countries. Th e high house rents before the crisis made Qatar citizens to increase their economic contributions towards excessive crediting allocation on such departments. After the decline in oil prices, the construction boom slowed down and housing prices deflated thus leading to significant losses in the real estate sector (Distr, 2009). Decline in tourism financial returns The 2008 financial crisis also led to considerable decline in tourism returns in Qatar. This is evidenced by significant reduction in business tourism arrivals and investors from European countries and North America (Casa, 2009). Qatar immigrants in western countries reduced or completely stopped the foreign remittances to their home country. Furthermore, the crisis also